Monday, May 20, 2013

Refresh Roundup: week of May 13th, 2013

Your smartphone and / or tablet is just begging for an update. From time to time, these mobile devices are blessed with maintenance refreshes, bug fixes, custom ROMs and anything in between, and so many of them are floating around that it's easy for a sizable chunk to get lost in the mix. To make sure they don't escape without notice, we've gathered every possible update, hack, and other miscellaneous tomfoolery we could find during the last week and crammed them into one convenient roundup. If you find something available for your device, please give us a shout at tips at engadget dawt com and let us know. Enjoy!

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Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/lAEJJZ7aLho/

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Tree health policy to 'stop spread'

Strengthening biosecurity at UK borders and a plant health risk register would help protect the nation's trees from pests and diseases, a report concludes.

The recommendations were made by the Tree Health and Plant Biosecurity Expert Taskforce, convened by the UK environment secretary.

Tree experts have warned that UK tree species face an "unprecedented threat" from non-native pests and diseases.

The report was unveiled on Monday at the 100th Chelsea Flower Show.

The taskforce was convened in November 2012, after the potential devastating ash dieback disease was recorded for the first time in the wider environment, to review domestic and international risks to UK trees and shrubs from new and emerging pests and diseases.

Taskforce chairman Prof Chris Gilligan said: "The UK needs to be better prepared for threats to plant health.

"In the last few years alone, several previously unknown pests and pathogens have emerged, posing significant risks to the UK's crops as well as trees in woodlands, commercial forests and in urban environments."

Plant scientists at a number of government bodies, including the Forestry Commission and the Food and Environment Research Agency (Fera), have warned that the threat from pathogens was continuing to grow as a result of increasing levels of international trade and travel, and changes to the environment.

Import ban

Environment Secretary Owen Paterson welcomed the report's recommendations, adding that plant health was one of Defra's top priorities.

"We are already working on implementing a plant health risk register and are putting plans in place to predict and control the spread of tree diseases," he said.

Continue reading the main story

Symptoms of ash dieback

  • Diseased saplings typically display dead tops and side shoots.
  • Lesions often found at base of dead side shoots.
  • Lesions on branch or stem can cause wilting of foliage above.
  • Disease affects mature trees by killing off new growth.

Mr Paterson added that he planned to hold a summit "with all the main people, groups and businesses who have an interest in our trees".

He also revealed that he planned to impose an import ban on sweet chestnut trees from areas where sweet chestnut blight was considered a problem.

Recently, the Horticultural Trades Association (HTA) called for an import ban as the blight (caused by the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica), usually fatal to infected trees, continued to spread through much of mainland Europe.

The UK had a close escape in late 2011 when the disease was identified at nine locations but the infected trees were destroyed before the fungus became established in the surrounding environment.

Speaking to the BBC, Fera's head of plant health public engagement Dr David Slawson echoed Prof Gilligan's views: "Firstly, it is important to say that is very difficult to prioritise what are the main threats but I would always say the main threat is 'unknown'."

"It may sound slightly alarming, but the likes of Phytophthora ramorum was not defined by science when it started causing problems."

The Forestry Commission said P. ramorum, first found in the UK in 2002, infected few trees until 2009 when the pathogen was found infecting and killing large numbers of Japanese larch trees - an important economic timber species - in South West England.

Since then, it has been recorded in all other British nations and the Northern Ireland.

'Time for action'

The HTA said the ash dieback outbreak illustrated the "severe implications that pests and diseases can have on the UK natural environment and rural economy".

HTA policy manager Gary Scroby said the taskforce's call for a plant health risk register was one that the horticulture industry fully supported.

"Our members need to know where to look for up-to-date scientific advice on plant health concerns, and it is therefore important that the proposed register is refreshed on a regular basis," he said.

Woodland Trust chief executive Sue Holden said a "stringent and robust" tree health action plan from the government was long overdue.

"So we are relieved to move a step closer to it today with this essential piece of work from the taskforce," she said.

Ms Holden added that the Trust was pleased Owen Paterson had stated the government considered plant health as equally serious as animal health.

"It should be noted, however, that last year animal health received 15 times more funding than plant health, so we believe there is still a great deal of work to be done to level the playing field."

Prof Gilligan, head of Cambridge University's School of Biological Sciences, said:"By increasing our understanding of what pests and diseases are the biggest threats and how best to mitigate their impact, we can minimise potentially devastating outbreaks."

The report was launched at the Stop the Spread show garden at the Chelsea Flower Show, which was designed to contrast "the beauty of a British garden with the potentially damaging effects that plant pests, diseases and invasive non-native species could have on our gardens, woodlands and countryside".

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22575543#sa-ns_mchannel=rss&ns_source=PublicRSS20-sa

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Wednesday, May 15, 2013

Caesars Entertainment Atlantic City Presents the Atlantic City Food ...

?atlanticcityfoodandwinefestival

Caesars Entertainment Atlantic City will proudly present the Atlantic City Food and Wine Festival?s fifth annual celebration, beginning Thursday, July 25, with events taking place throughout the weekend.The four-day culinary and spirits festival, will feature a star-studded roster of the world?s most renowned culinary experts and TV personalities, including Robert Irvine, Rocco DiSpirito and The Neelys, and more.? Festival guests will have access to events at all four Caesars Entertainment resorts and casinos ? Caesars, Harrah?s Resort, Showboat and Bally?s, and this year, the beach!

?Tourism along the Jersey Shore and famed Atlantic City Boardwalk is alive and well and we?re thrilled to bring back the exciting Atlantic City Food and Wine Festival for its fifth anniversary celebration,? says Danny Brockdorf, Regional Vice President of Marketing for Caesars Entertainment. ??Despite the challenges brought on by Hurricane Sandy last October, the Jersey Shore is as strong as ever and we are looking forward to attracting both new visitors and loyalists to Atlantic City for a weekend of amazing food, great wine and spirits and all-round Jersey fun.?

?Amazing Venues ? Celebrity Chefs ? Food ? Wine ? The Beach!

The 2013 festival will present an acclaimed roster of both local and national talent and will once again showcase several of the world?s greatest culinary influencers as well as authorities in the wine, beer and spirits industry. With access to a multitude of unparalleled events including delicious tastings and dazzling demonstrations, the festival will offer delicacies for every palate.? Festival highlights include:

?

  • The Grand Market: Foodies, prepare your palate for perfection! The signature event of the Atlantic City Food and Wine Festival, The Grand Market will most certainly be the indulgence highlight of your year.? Our exclusive world of dining perfection is sure to excite, inspire and amaze. Eat and drink your way through this eclectic tasting village. Featuring a wide selection of foods, wines, craft brews and liquors from world-renowned culinary masters, you will experience a true flavor adventure during your three-hour gourmet journey. And when you find something you love, take it home with you! Purchase your favorite flavors while culinary demos by celebrity chefs provide you with tips to enhance your home dining experiences.

?

  • Blues Brews & BBQ: Throw on your boots, foodies ? this festival is taking a tasty trip to the south! Kick your feet up as BBQ vendors take over and cook up some the best ribs, chicken and brisket you?ve ever tasted. And let?s not forget about the ice-cold beer! While you?re here, you can purchase some of the latest BBQ merchandise around.

?

  • Beach Soir?e: It?s time to let loose and have some fun, because when the sun goes down, the festival heats up. Enjoy an evening beachside party while savoring refreshing cocktails and gourmet passed appetizers. After all, live entertainment, dancing and fun are always a great way to end your day. Robert Irvine and The Neelys will host this exclusive Beach Soiree, welcoming you to a party that you won?t soon forget.

?

  • Gospel Brunch: Start your Sunday with some serious flavor! Join us at the House of Blues for an inspiring gospel performance and an amazing buffet. The Neelys will be on hand to welcome you with a tasty hospitality and a hearty spread. While the choir performs, you can enjoy a delicious, traditional buffet featuring pecan caramel sticky buns, hickory-smoked bacon and sausage links, homemade biscuits and country gravy, homemade waffles, an omelet station, southern fried chicken, homemade macaroni and cheese, Creole chicken and shrimp jambalaya and much more!?

?

  • Island Luau: Aloha indulgence! It?s time to party, island-style. Immerse yourself into a world of hula dancers and flamethrowers while The Neelys host this island luau featuring their spin on some of your favorite Hawaiian treats. Throughout the event, you?ll be whisked away to a tropical oasis right here on the Harrah?s Resort Pool Deck as the sun majestically sets in the distance. Come hungry, because on this island the food really is paradise!

?

Tickets for the Atlantic City Food and Wine Festival will go on sale March 8, 2013 and can be purchased online at www.acfoodandwine.com, www.ticketmaster.com or by calling Ticketmaster at 800-736-1420.

Caesars Entertainment Total Rewards members will have the opportunity to purchase discounted tickets to all Atlantic City Food and Wine Festival events during the pre-sale dates, beginning Friday, February 22nd at 10am.? The Early-Bird public pre-sale starts on Friday, March 1st at 10am with the full public on-sale for all events kicking off on Friday, March 8th at 10am.

?

About Caesars Entertainment

Caesars Entertainment Corporation is the world?s largest casino entertainment company. Since its beginning in Reno, Nevada, more than 70 years ago, Caesars has grown through development of new resorts, expansions and acquisitions, and now operates casinos on four continents. The company?s resorts operate primarily under the Harrah?s?, Caesars? and Horseshoe? brand names. Caesars also owns the World Series of Poker? and the London Clubs International family of casinos. Caesars Entertainment is focused on building loyalty and value with its guests through a unique combination of great service, excellent products, unsurpassed distribution, operational excellence and technology leadership. Caesars is committed to environmental sustainability and energy conservation and recognizes the importance of being a responsible steward of the environment.? For more information, please visit www.caesars.com.

Source: http://www.partybluprintsblog.com/the-bar/wine/caesars-entertainment-atlantic-city-presents-atlantic-city-food-wine-festival/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=caesars-entertainment-atlantic-city-presents-atlantic-city-food-wine-festival

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Scientists shape first global topographic map of Saturn's moon Titan

May 15, 2013 ? Scientists have created the first global topographic map of Saturn's moon Titan, giving researchers a valuable tool for learning more about one of the most Earthlike and interesting worlds in the solar system.

Titan is Saturn's largest moon -- at 1,600 miles (2,574 kilometers) across it's bigger than planet Mercury -- and is the second-largest in the solar system. Scientists care about Titan because it's the only moon in the solar system known to have clouds, surface liquids and a mysterious, thick atmosphere. The cold atmosphere is mostly nitrogen, like Earth's, but methane on Titan acts the way water vapor does on Earth, forming clouds and falling as rain and carving the surface with rivers. Organic chemicals, derived from methane, are present in Titan's atmosphere, lakes and rivers and may offer clues about the origins of life.

"Titan has so much interesting activity -- like flowing liquids and moving sand dunes -- but to understand these processes it's useful to know how the terrain slopes," says Ralph Lorenz, of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Md., who led the map-design team. "It's especially helpful to those studying hydrology and modeling Titan's climate and weather, who need to know whether there is high ground or low ground driving their models."

Titan's thick haze scatters light in ways that make it very hard for remote cameras to "see" landscape shapes and shadows, the usual approach to measuring topography on planetary bodies. Virtually all the data we have on Titan comes from NASA's Saturn-orbiting Cassini spacecraft, which has flown past the moon nearly 100 times over the past decade. On many of those flybys, Cassini has used a radar imager, which can peer through the haze, and the radar data can be used to estimate the surface height.

"With this new topographic map, one of the most fascinating and dynamic worlds in our solar system now pops out in 3-D," says Steve Wall, the deputy lead of Cassini's radar team, based at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "On Earth, rivers, volcanoes, and even weather are closely related to heights of surfaces -- we're now eager to see what we can learn from them on Titan."

There are challenges, however. "Cassini isn't orbiting Titan," Lorenz says. "We have only imaged about half of Titan's surface, and multiple 'looks' or special observations are needed to estimate the surface heights. If you divided Titan into 1-degree by 1-degree [latitude and longitude] squares, only 11 percent of those squares have topography data in them."

Lorenz's team used a mathematical process called splining -- effectively using smooth curved surfaces to "join" the areas between grids of existing data. "You can take a spot where there is no data, look how close it is to the nearest data, and use various approaches of averaging and estimating to calculate your best guess," he says. "If you pick a point, and all the nearby points are high altitude, you'd need a special reason for thinking that point would be lower. We're mathematically papering over the gaps in our coverage."

The estimations fit with current knowledge of the moon -- that its polar regions are "lower" than areas around the equator, for example -- but connecting those points allows scientists to add new layers to their studies of Titan's surface, especially those modeling how and where Titan's rivers flow, and the seasonal distribution of its methane rainfall. "The movement of sands and the flow of liquids are influenced by slopes, and mountains can trigger cloud formation and therefore rainfall. This global product now gives modelers a convenient description of this key factor in Titan's dynamic climate system," Lorenz says.

The most recent data used to compile the map is from 2012; Lorenz says it could be worth revising when the Cassini mission ends in 2017, when more data will have accumulated, filling some of the gaps in present coverage. "We felt we couldn't wait and should release an interim product," he says. "The community has been hoping to get this for a while. I think it will stimulate a lot of interesting work."

The map, as well as a paper on the project ("A Global Topography Map of Titan"), appear in the journal Icarus (see link to abstract below).

The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and ASI, the Italian Space Agency. JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. The radar instrument was built by JPL and the Italian Space Agency, working with team members from the US and several European countries.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_science/~3/jsIFu6JimlA/130515163940.htm

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Investing in Carnival Games | Uncommon Wisdom Daily

Publisher?s Note:

If there?s one universal goal that unites investors, it?s the peace of mind that comes with having a healthy, protected nest egg available when we or our loved ones need it most.

The good news is, there is truly an unlimited amount of profit that can be made in the markets. Just about anyone can become a success story by making consistently smart, safe decisions.

However, with the markets climbing to new all-time highs day after day, we?re faced with as many opportunities as questions about just how long the good times will last this time.

Because we?ve all seen too many flash crashes and bear markets, we know that there?s no time like right now to stock up on investments that can reward us regularly, both in good times as well as uncertain ones.

And so, a lot of you have been writing in, asking about our favorite, lowest-risk ways to participate in today?s market, without putting the wealth you?ve accumulated over a lifetime in harm?s way.

As our friend and colleague Nilus Mattive shared with you yesterday, there?s a wide universe of stocks that can work hard on your behalf by generating income for you every day that you own them.

Today, in the second of a four-part series, Nilus expands on that idea a bit further, showing you where you can find some of these hardworking stocks while giving you some insights that are both humorous and yet brutally accurate.

Enjoy this story, and I?ll rejoin you at the bottom with today?s top stories and a timely comment from reader Alex V. I think we can all relate to. ? Best wishes, Brad


Last week I found myself reading a news item with the following headline: ?Man Loses Life Savings Playing Carnival Game, Wins Giant Banana.?

I mean, how could anyone NOT want to hear that story, right?

In case you didn?t see it, here?s the gist ?

A 30-year-old New Hampshire man was at a fair when he started playing a game called ?Tubs of Fun.? His intent was to win a $100 Xbox Kinect.

After blowing $300 trying unsuccessfully, he did what any dedicated person might do ? he went home, grabbed the rest of his life savings ($2,300), and proceeded to toss all of THAT money into the carny?s bucket, too!

A day later the man returned to the carnival, and complained. He was refunded $300 ? plus a stuffed banana with dreadlocks.

Still unsatisfied, he filed a report with the local police requesting a deeper investigation into whether the game was rigged.

And in an equally strange ending to this bizarre tale, a website ended up reimbursing him for all his losses after the story went viral and garnered an outpouring of response from all corners of the Internet.

So What Does This Story Have
To Do With Investing? Everything!

Besides being one more piece of evidence that moral hazard is alive and well in America, this story illustrates the very idea of (literally) throwing good money after bad.

Heck, even when I was in elementary school I knew that carnival games were almost ALWAYS rigged in some way!

So, yes, the idea of a grown man squandering more than $2,000 on a ball-toss game ? for a prize worth $100 ? borders on the absurd.

Yet millions of investors do the same thing on a regular basis, with far-greater sums of money.

Sound investing is about
putting the odds in your favor.

They succumb to the same deadly combination of impulse, miscalculated odds and a cavalier attitude toward their money ?

They take outsized risks for very small potential rewards ?

And once they?re deep in the hole, they start taking even BIGGER chances in the hopes of making things right again!

Obviously, I advocate a much-different approach. It?s a pretty simple two-step process, really:

Step #1. Set some cash aside for emergencies ? and not the kind that involve carnival games.

Having some money in reserve just helps you sleep well at night. Moreover, it also gives you the ability to hop on opportunities that pop up during short-term market swings.

It doesn?t matter to me whether you keep the money in cold, hard cash ? in an ultra-conservative money market fund ? or in some other physical asset like gold.

The point is just that you need to feel comfortable and prepared for life?s inevitable curveballs. Because only then are you ready to invest with confidence and for the longer term.

That brings me to ?

Step #2. Put the bulk of your wealth in investments that produce big streams of cash.

This is why I love dividend stocks so much. The very best ones kick off big ? and growing ? streams of steady income no matter what the market does in the short term. Meanwhile, high-quality dividend-payers also tend to rise handsomely over time.

Better yet, you can find solid dividends in just about every corner of the markets: blue-chip firms that sell big-name household products ? natural-resource companies that operate as Master Limited Partnerships ? high-growth technology companies ? and even plenty of far-flung foreign investments!

Of course, dividend stocks are just one example of the kind of cash-gushing investments I recommend focusing on.

There are also niche parts of the bond market that can hand you outsized returns with minimal risk. For example, I Bonds remain great investments at current rates. And I also continue to recommend high-grade corporate debt through low-cost mutual funds like Vanguard?s VFICX.

Plus, you can invest in real estate in all its various forms ? everything from individual properties to Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs).

The critical part is focusing on lower-risk, higher-reward strategies that pay you through thick and thin. After all, you can?t retire on stuffed bananas!

Best wishes,
Nilus

P.S. I?ll be back with another piece tomorrow at this same time. In the meantime, Brad wanted me to remind you that Sean Brodrick?s newest presentation about investing in junior-resource companies comes offline at 11:59 p.m. TONIGHT ? and, along with it, a special offer to subscribe to Sean?s Junior Resource Millionaire service at a steeply discounted price. So if you haven?t yet claimed your potential $1,195 reward just for watching, click here now so you don?t miss out!

Now, let me turn it back over to Brad for today?s market highlights ?

***

In Other Market News:

  • Low prices at the pump boosted retail sales by 0.1% in April, after a 0.5% decline in March. ?The big positive here is that the declines in gas and food prices appear to be freeing up cash for spending in other places,? opines Mark Vitner, senior economist for Wells Fargo. ?The first few months of the year were dominated by the rise in the payroll tax. After having to stretch their budgets early in the year, consumers have a little newfound cash.?
  • Retailers whose fortunes are tied to the housing market are also seeing some improvement. Vitner warns, however, ?This is not a game-changing report for consumer spending.?
  • The House of Representatives recently passed the ?Full Faith and Credit Act,? which prioritizes Treasury debt payments and Social Security payments in the event the U.S. hits its debt ceiling. While Treasury debt and S.S. would be protected, unemployment benefits, Medicare payments, and salaries for military personnel and air-traffic controllers would not be protected, drawing criticism from some.
  • Alan Binder, a professor of economics and public affairs at Princeton University, points out: ?Ending the Treasury?s legal authority to float more debt means the budget must be balanced immediately. Even if you think balancing the budget is a sensible long-run goal, balancing it in a day is a horrible idea.?
  • Web surfing is becoming more social, thanks to advances and increased competition in software, browsers and functionality. Apple?s Safari controls 59% of the mobile-browsing market thanks to the popularity of the iPhone, while Microsoft?s Internet Explorer controls 56% of the desktop market. Google?s Chrome has just released software to allow developers to add voice recognition to their websites and to allow users to sync their Google notes directly with their Google Drive storage service.
  • With new ?add-ons? and apps that feature games and third-party software from a home screen, Jay Sullivan, COO of Mozilla, says browsing ?will be more lively, quick and fun.? Mozilla has rolled social media integration for its Firefox browser and is working to convince website developers to adopt a new identity system called Persona, which would eliminate passwords.
  • Verizon Wireless, a joint venture between Verizon Communications (which owns 55%) and Vodafone Group (45%), will pay out a $7 billion dividend to its owners, down from $8.5 billion last year. This distribution, payable June 25, comes as a surprise to Verizon Chief Executive Lowell McAdams, who had hinted Verizon Wireless might not pay a dividend this year.
  • Verizon is encouraging Vodafone to sell its 45% stake in the venture. One Citigroup analyst said the timing of the dividend payment suggests a deal is not imminent, but they ?still ascribe a 55% probability? of a buyout within 12 months.

***

Thanks to Nilus for today?s lead story, and thank you to our readers for your insights, questions and other feedback. Keep your comments coming!

I enjoy hearing what you have to say, and giving you the information you need to make the best-possible investing decisions for your own account.

Alex V. writes:

?I think Bill Gross (who declared an end to the bond bull run) has anticipated the fact that Bernanke and the Fed have to remove the foot from the pedal. There are those who say the landing will not be soft. Let us see what other central banks do also.

?Improper pricing of certain values in assets exists as a result of the sustained relaxed and stimulative monetary policies that have been maintained steadily for so long. Good luck, and safe landing.?

Alex, we are in agreement here! Keep watch, because we are currently hard at work preparing a special presentation about the bear market in bonds and the ramifications it can have for our readers. Make sure to keep your eyes peeled; it?s shaping up to be fantastic.

And remember, I headed up the research team (which included Nilus Mattive, the writer of today?s lead story as well) that predicted, as early as last summer, the peak of the bond market to occur this year. So, we?ve been watching this move for a good long while.

Let us know your view on bonds, fixed assets and income-paying stocks. You can reach us at feedback@uncommonwisdomdaily.com.

Good Luck and Happy Investing.

Brad Hoppman
Publisher
Uncommon Wisdom Daily

Source: http://www.uncommonwisdomdaily.com/investing-in-carnival-games-16258

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Information And Resources On Methadone Abuse ? Hot Article Depot

Drug and alcohol abuse has long been essentially the most prevalent problems in lot of parts over the world lately. While you will find versions with the levels where by this has patient nations, to be honest every country is affected in some manner. Obviously there are actually also versions in the types of drugs that are mistreated inside the particular nations. However, one kind of drugs containing emerged similar to a top reason is opiates.

Current times have seen the number of persons addicted to opiates enlarge considerably. This is exceptionally for medication medicinal drugs. Inmost cases, this was in an make an effort to take care of psychological concerns or even pain. Research has shown that various people aged 12 and also above are addicted to pain relievers, stimulants, tranquilizers, or sedatives prescribed in healthiness facilities. Various are the times when opioids are prescribed attributable to their pain relieving or analgesic properties. As you could recognize, use of opioids in managed occasions is quite safe along with comes with a moderately low addiction potential. Really, it will manage the pain effectively with especially low possibilities of causing addiction.

In such cases, packing it in the opiates out of the blue would result in withdrawal syndrome. This really is really an upsetting and extended method that could result in a longer term harm to the nervous system plus the cardiopulmonary system. Many are the when withdrawal is stated will not be existence threatening but alternatively just uncomfortable and uncomfortable. However, when it is unmonitored and neglected it could obviously have fatal effects especially when the patients are unhealthy. This therefore underlines why trying to find responsible and appropriate healthcare where professionals will likely be monitoring the process.

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Scores of methods of detoxification might be used depending on the particular circumstance at hand. These include fast detoxification, substitution method, weaning off and also cold turkey. Cold turkey is recognized as quite awful and in addition can not be appropriate in situations where the individual was taking copious degrees of the medication. It involves immediate stoppage of the consumption and also the person monitored as he or she undergoes the withdrawal. Rapid detoxification then again costly is recognized as the most effective in this case. The person would be placed under general anesthesia and in addition the toxins flushed out. This assets that they does not have to undergo withdrawal.

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Source: http://hotarticledepot.com/information-and-resources-on-methadone-abuse-2/

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Video Game to Help Kids Fight Cancer

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Doctors can't inject cancer patients with intelligent nanobots programmed to launch surgical counterstrikes against the disease. That didn't stop a team of medical researchers and software programmers from developing a video game several years ago that helped young patients imagine such an empowering scenario. Based on the success of that project, the team recently launched a sequel geared for mobile devices that they hope will further encourage kids undergoing chemotherapy and other treatments to better understand what's happening inside their bodies and how they might regain their health. Re-Mission 2 is a collection of six free online games--accessible via Web browser or Apple iPad--that share the theme of taking the fight to cancer. They do this by arming patients with a virtual arsenal of chemo, radiation and targeted cancer drug attacks designed to crush advancing malignant forces. The game--and its 2006 predecessor Re-Mission--are the product of HopeLab, a nonprofit founded in 2001 by Pamela Omidyar, wife of eBay founder Pierre Omidyar. It's hard to deny that a diversion such as "Stem Cell Defender," in which players protect white blood cells from a bacteria invasion by unleashing antibiotic bombs, could do wonders for a child's morale during long waits at a doctor's office or hospital. (Bacterial infections, nausea and constipation are some treatment-related effects patients may experience.) HopeLab, however, insists the games do more even more than this, claiming they improve treatment outcomes by educating young patients about the disease and how it can be fought. Such knowledge makes these patients more likely to adhere closely to their treatment regimens. HopeLab has backed this claim over the past few years with a number of studies, although the organization is careful not to directly associate game play with actual cancer remission. In the most recent study, HopeLab worked with Stanford University associate professor of psychology and neuroscience Brian Knutson on a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study analyzing brain regions activated when people play the original Re-Mission. The paper, published in the March 2012 PLoS ONE, compared brain scans in 57 cancer-free undergraduates who were randomly assigned to actively play Re-Mission or passively watch the game. Re-Mission players experienced more activity in neural circuits associated with incentive motivation when compared to those who merely observed game play. Such reward-related activation could shift attitudes and emotions and boost players' adherence to prescribed chemotherapy and antibiotic treatments to fight infection, the researchers said, although they acknowledge that further tests are needed on actual cancer patients before they can read too much into the results. An earlier study published in the journal Pediatrics in August 2008 (pdf) sought to determine whether video games could encourage adolescent and young-adult cancer patients to more consistently take self-administered treatments such as oral chemotherapy, a particularly difficult problem in that age group. The study--which included 374 adolescents and young adults with malignancies including acute leukemia, lymphoma, and soft-tissue sarcoma--found that those who played Re-Mission took their medication more consistently, increased their knowledge of the disease and generally played a more active role in their treatment (pdf). Although that study was led by principal investigator and former HopeLab president and CEO Pamela Kato, it also included researchers from West Virginia University and the University of Texas Health Science Center. Re-Mission 2 caters to kids who have grown up playing Angry Birds, Fruit Ninja and other games on the Internet or via apps on their mobile devices. In fact, the sequel can be played only online or on the iPad. HopeLab is working on versions that will work on Android devices. This is a calculated switch from the format of the original version of Re-Mission, which took players on a quest heavily influenced by popular video games at the time, most notably Tomb Raider. Instead of Lara Croft, Re-Mission featured a microscopic robot named Roxxi, clad in form-fitting silver body armor, who traveled through the bodies of fictional cancer patients, blasting cancer cells and battling the side-effects of cancer and its treatments. The Re-Mission re-boot is a welcome change, says Brooke Jaffe, a 21-year-old junior at Barnard College in New York City. Quest games like Tomb Raider that are played on PCs and video game consoles like Xbox or the Wii can be intimidating to people who don't already play them, adds Jaffe, an English major who became aware of HopeLab's work after she was successfully treated for papillary carcinoma--thyroid cancer--in 2011. Re-Mission 2 is a much more casual approach to gaming. It may not have the complicated 3-D graphics and the emphasis on anatomical realism of its predecessor, but it's certainly more accessible to a kid waiting to undergo treatment, or who is fatigued from having just undergone treatment, says Jaffe, one of 120 teens and young adults HopeLab recruited to help develop and evaluate Re-Mission 2. The idea is that patients will get a lot more enjoyment from playing 10 minutes of one of Re-Mission 2's simpler games than they would from 10 minutes of the original version, which might require 30 minutes of play to get past the first level. Images courtesy of HopeLab Follow Scientific American on Twitter @SciAm and @SciamBlogs. Visit ScientificAmerican.com for the latest in science, health and technology news.
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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/video-game-help-kids-fight-cancer-214900242.html

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